| Iritis is an inflammation of the iris. The iris is the colored part of the eye that contains the muscles which contract the pupil, controlling the amount of light that enters the eye. Iritis is defined by three types, traumatic iritis, infectious iritis and non-traumatic iritis. Traumatic iritis is caused by a blunt trauma or injury to the eye, resulting in an inflammation or irritation of the iris. Nontraumatic iritis is associated with specific diseases such as Reiter syndrome, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Infectious iritis is caused by Lyme disease, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, herpes simples, herpes zoster and tuberculosis.
Symptoms
Iritis develops quickly and usually affects only one eye. Symptoms are pain in the eye or eyebrow region, pain increases with bright light exposure, redness specifically around the iris, small or oddly shaped pupil and blurred vision.
Diagnosis
An eye doctor will examine the eye with a special lamp called a slit lamp. With this lamp the eye doctor can view white blood cells and particles of protein called flair in the fluid in the eye called aqueous humor. In determining iritis, the doctor will note if topical anesthetics help control the pain and how the pain responds to light shining in the eye. A shining light will cause the pupil to contract which can increase the pain.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the source of the iritis. Treatment usually involves eye drops to dilate the pupil and prevent contractions, giving the iris a chance to heal and decrease pain. Steroid eye drops are used to decrease inflammation. If the condition does not improve within a week, on oral or injected steroid may be considered for treatment.
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